A curly perm, also known as a permanent wave, is a chemical treatment that permanently alters your hair's texture by breaking and reforming the hair's internal bonds. This process involves using an alkaline solution to create curls, which are then wrapped around rods to achieve the desired shape. Modern perms are designed to be less damaging and more versatile, allowing for a variety of styles, from loose waves to tight curls. They typically last from three to six months with proper care, and modern formulations are formulated to minimize damage while maximizing curl.